J. The catechol is then metabolized to acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA, used by organisms mainly in the citric acid cycle for energy production. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 2282-2291. [78] IARC rated benzene as "known to be carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). Phys. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, aggravated assault charge. Benzeneis present in crude oils and is a product of oil-refining processes. ; Extrapolation below 90 K, 47.49 J/mol*K.; p = 0.1 MPa. The formula for specific heat capacity, C, of a substance with mass m, is C = Q / (m T). ; Bhatagadde, L.G., Kekul's 1872 modification of his 1865 theory, illustrating rapid alternation of double bonds[note 1], In 1845, Charles Blachford Mansfield, working under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, isolated benzene from coal tar. (The density of benzene is 0.80 g/mL, its specific heat capacity is 1.74 J/g K, and its heat of fusion is 127 J/g.) The limit of the fusion process is the hydrogen-free allotrope of carbon, graphite. lifetime movies list 2023; what does a call back interview mean; stashbox vape bmm; mens burberry belt; boa account number and tax id pdf 2022; Cp values given for the pressure range 0.1 to 68.1 MPa. ; Badalov, Yu.A., Eliminate heat and ignition sources such as sparks, open flames, hot surfaces and static Shiohama, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S.; Fujihara, I., The discussed value is almost 1.3 times higher than the heat flux obtained in case quenching is conducted by downward spray. [citation needed], Several tests can determine exposure to benzene. the The new understanding of benzene, and hence of all aromatic compounds, proved to be so important for both pure and applied chemistry that in 1890 the German Chemical Society organized an elaborate appreciation in Kekul's honor, celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of his first benzene paper. Willams, J.W. J. In 1872, Kekul suggested that benzene had two complementary structures and that these forms rapidly interconverted, so that if there were a double bond between any pair of carbon atoms at one instant, that double bond would become a single bond at the next instant (and vice versa). Why is the liquid phase of water denser than the solid phase? Grolier, J.-P.E. Benzene is a liquid at standard conditions. Have definite shape (resist deformation) 2. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. Note: (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid, otherwise value is equilibrium temperature of vapor over liquid. Dokl. to the boiling point, [all data], Rajagopal and Subrahmanyam, 1974 Benzoic acid and its salts undergo decarboxylation to benzene. C11H16 = 148.25. (This estimate assumes no threshold for benzene's carcinogenic effects.) In the absence of the catalyst, benzene is impervious to hydrogen. These intermediates and metabolites induce genotoxicity by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of topoisomerase II (which maintains chromosome structure), disruption of microtubules (which maintains cellular structure and organization), generation of oxygen free radicals (unstable species) that may lead to point mutations, increasing oxidative stress, inducing DNA strand breaks, and altering DNA methylation (which can affect gene expression). In some systems, even the benzene-to-xylenes ratio is modified to favor xylenes. : Dynamic viscosity (Pas). Short Commun. Am. We don't save this data. Staveley, L.A.K. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. Pressions maxima des vapeurs du benzene et du cyclohexane aux temperatures moyennes et calcul de leurs chaleurs specifiques principales, The extraction step of aromatics from the reformate is designed to produce aromatics with lowest non-aromatic components. You simply need a household iron to apply heat to loosen the adhesive and weaken the prints to get them out easily. Data, 1987, 32, 176-177. Neft Gaz. [42] If the anecdote is the memory of a real event, circumstances mentioned in the story suggest that it must have happened early in 1862. Chem., 1951, 198, 263-269. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Specific heat of Benzene Gas - C6H6 - at temperatures ranging 250 - 900 K: Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! In 2005, the water supply to the city of Harbin in China with a population of almost nine million people, was cut off because of a major benzene exposure. [all data], Landrieu, Baylocq, et al., 1929 ; Tupman, W.I. Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Nauk, 1962, SSSR 142, 1335-1338. Specific gravity: 0.87 Principal hazards *** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). Bull. Thermodynamics of the system benzene - p-dioxane, The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g C and the specific heat of steam is 1.99 J/g C. H vapof water = 40.8 kJ/mol. [all data], Kurbatov, 1947 Benzene and cyclohexane have a similar structure, only the ring of delocalized electrons and the loss of one hydrogen per carbon distinguishes it from cyclohexane. [all data], Kalali, Kohler, et al., 1987 . [57] The molecular orbital description involves the formation of three delocalized orbitals spanning all six carbon atoms, while the valence bond description involves a superposition of resonance structures. Monatsh. Acad. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Benzene is an excellent ligand in the organometallic chemistry of low-valent metals. [65] More than half of the entire benzene production is processed into ethylbenzene, a precursor to styrene, which is used to make polymers and plastics like polystyrene. Prosen, E.J. The American Petroleum Institute (API) stated in 1948 that "it is generally considered that the only absolutely safe concentration for benzene is zero". Title: Microsoft Word - 9701_s19_ms_41 Author: whitej Created Date: 8/6/2019 11:46:17 AM . This is also used in SPECTROSCOPY, the science of analysing what something is made Continue Reading James Macklin Reproductive toxicity Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Sandmeyer Reaction. Smaller amounts of benzene are used to make some types of rubbers, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives, and pesticides. He gave the compound the name benzin. [all data], Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978 Sulfonation of benzene involves the use of oleum, a mixture of sulfuric acid with sulfur trioxide. Linking benzene rings gives biphenyl, C6H5C6H5. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. This reaction is achieved by the use of high pressures of hydrogen in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, such as finely divided nickel. Benzene, C6H6, is a clear colorless to light-yellow liquid, flammable with a petroleum-like, aromatic odor. The idea is used in fireworks to produce the colour. . ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein K) ..g (K) | 1 mol All you need to do is convert the grams to moles. J. In the bone marrow, MPO converts these polyphenols to benzoquinones. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, benzene was used as an after-shave lotion because of its pleasant smell. Grolier, J.-P.E. Sci. Copper standard solution,CAS Number:7440-50-8,Specification:50mL National Library of Medicine. ; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Ethyl alcohol likely exhibits more hydrogen bonding than water. NQ01 metabolizes benzoquinone toward polyphenols (counteracting the effect of MPO). The specific heats of binary mixtures, Chim. Specific Heat capacity is given as. In particular, acute myeloid leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (AML & ANLL) is caused by benzene. Subrahmanyam, S.V. Sieg, L.; Crtzen, J.L. Benzene is found in air, water, and soil that comes from both industrial and natural sources, is highly flammable, and evapo-rates into air very quickly, and dissolves slightly in water. As a consequence, gasoline often contained several percent benzene before the 1950s, when tetraethyl lead replaced it as the most widely used antiknock additive. However, if heated it becomes a gas, and when cooled it becomes a solid. Some 20% of the benzene production is used to manufacture cumene, which is needed to produce phenol and acetone for resins and adhesives. Contact. The solvent-properties of the two are similar, but toluene is less toxic and has a wider liquid range. Thermodynam., 1991, 23, 25-30. [all data], Czarnota, 1991 Vys. Univ. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. Pacor, P., [all data], Dejardin, 1919 Ferguson, A.; Miller, J.T., The pathway for the metabolism of benzene is complex and begins in the liver. These genes may be targets for genetic screening for susceptibility to benzene toxicity. In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately reduced (by NADH) to a cyclic diol with two double bonds, breaking the aromaticity. Wear safety glasses and use protective gloves. Replacing one CH with N gives the compound pyridine, C5H5N. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 259-268. A method for the determination of the specific heats of liquids, and a determination of the specific heats of aniline and benzene over the approximate range 20C to 50C, ; Khan, V.H., Outdoor air may contain low levels of benzene from automobile service stations, wood smoke, tobacco smoke, the transfer of gasoline, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. 5. Gorbunova, N.I. Here Kekul spoke of the creation of the theory. [52] Benzene molecules have been detected on Mars.[53][54][55]. [107][108], This article is about the chemical compound. ; Gruber, K.; Pereira, J.F. Vyssh. See also tabulated values of specific heat of gases, food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. For example, mutations in CYP2E1 increase activity and result in increased generation of toxic metabolites. uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Trans. The most common reactions of benzene involve substitution of a proton by other groups. Sci. ; Nikolaev, P.N., J. Chem. An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) at 10C is fed continuously to a vessel in which the mixture is heated to 50C. ; Jost, W., The specific heat transfer area is 109.46 m 2 per (kg/s) of fresh water and the heat transfer area of the distillate preheater is 200 m 2. The major sources of benzene exposure are tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions; however, ingestion and dermal absorption of benzene can also occur through contact with contaminated water. . Aspiration hazard - Category 1 The signal word is danger. "Zur Kenntnis der ungesttigen Verbindungen,", "Untersuchungen ber aromatische Verbindungen (Investigations of aromatic compounds)", "The Structure of the Benzene Ring in Hexamethylbenzene", "An X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of Hexachlorobenzene, Using the Fourier Method", "Meet Kathleen Lonsdale, the physicist and prison reformer who cracked benzene's code", "Faits pour servir la dtermination du lieu chimique dans la srie aromatique", "Untersuchungen ber die Constitution der zweifach-substituirten Benzole", "Life on Mars? Pol. [all data], Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967 Good, W.D. ; Daniels, F., The current ACGIH biological exposure limits for occupational exposure are 500 g/g creatinine for muconic acid and 25 g/g creatinine for phenylmercapturic acid in an end-of-shift urine specimen.[91][92][93][94]. The use of mixing calorimeter for measuring heat capacities of liquids, Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. ; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Berkane, M.; Jimenez, E.; Wilhelm, E., To provide a mechanism for the conversion process, Kekul proposed that the valency of an atom is determined by the frequency with which it collided with its neighbors in a molecule. Heat capacities of some organic substances at low temperature, Next, the diol is newly reduced by NADH to catechol. ; Nagano, Y., for disposal with other flammable, non-chlorinated solvents. Reaxys Registry Number. Recko, W.M., Eng. [72][73][74] The specific hematologic malignancies that benzene is associated with include: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).[75]. in 1869, first used the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para- to denote specific relative locations of the substituents on a di-substituted aromatic ring (viz, naphthalene). NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. However, in the 1950s, increased demand for benzene, especially from the growing polymers industry, necessitated the production of benzene from petroleum. The reaction involves the acylation of benzene (or many other aromatic rings) with an acyl chloride using a strong Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride or Iron(III) chloride. Consist of disordered clusters of particles that are quite close together; particles have random motions in three dimensions Solids 1. [88][89] In September 1995, NIOSH issued a new policy for developing recommended exposure limits (RELs) for substances, including carcinogens. ; Grigoriev, V.A. [all data], Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982 [47][48] It was the German chemist Carl Grbe who, in 1869, first used the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para- to denote specific relative locations of the substituents on a di-substituted aromatic ring (viz, naphthalene). The short term exposure limit for airborne benzene is 5 ppm for 15 minutes. von Reis, M.A., C) Question: It takes 11.2 KJ of energy to raise the temperature of 145 g of benzene from 25.0C to 70.0C. [all data], Gorbunova, Grigoriev, et al., 1982 J. Chem. In 1988 it was reported that two-thirds of all chemicals on the American Chemical Society's lists contained at least one benzene ring. errors or omissions in the Database. Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight. ; Simonov, V.M. Chemical Properties of Ethylbenzene (CAS 100-41-4) InChI InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7H,2H2,1H3 InChI Key YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formula C8H10 SMILES CCc1ccccc1 Molecular Weight 1 106.17 CAS 100-41-4 Other Names .alpha.-methyltoluene Aethylbenzol Benzene, ethyl- EB Ethylbenzeen Ethylbenzol Etilbenzene Etylobenzen NCI-C56393 NSC 406903 Excess function of VE,(dVE/dp)T, and CpE of isooctane + benzene and + toluene, All rights reserved. The affected batches were removed from sale. ; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Kooner, Z.S. shall not be liable for any damage that may result from It also shows the saturation pressure with changes in temperature. I. In another human study, 30% of absorbed dermally applied benzene, which is primarily metabolized in the liver, was excreted as phenol in the urine. J. Have high density 4. MSDS for benzene is available at AMOCO. ; Johnson, W.H. Recovery of the aromatics, commonly referred to as BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene isomers), involves such extraction and distillation steps. We don't save this data. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 04:18. The molecular conformation is stabilized by NHO and NHN intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Data, 1986, 31, 238-240. Enthalpies of combustion of toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, methylcyclopentane, 1-methylcyclopentene, and n-hexane, J. Chem. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. [20] In 1836, the French chemist Auguste Laurent named the substance "phne";[21] this word has become the root of the English word "phenol", which is hydroxylated benzene, and "phenyl", the radical formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom (free radical H) from benzene. J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. Specific heat of liquids. [22] Four years later, Mansfield began the first industrial-scale production of benzene, based on the coal-tar method. Benzene Formula:C6H6 Molecular weight:78.1118 IUPAC Standard InChI:InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6HCopy IUPAC Standard InChIKey:UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-NCopy CAS Registry Number:71-43-2 Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol fileor as a computed3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Javaor Javascript. Instead, retain in a safe place in the laboratory (well away from any source of ignition). [71] Highly instructive but of far less industrial significance is the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene (and many other aromatic rings) using an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid catalyst. [all data], Maass and Walbauer, 1925 Chem. Excess volumes and excess heat capacities of tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, + methylcyclohexane, + benzene, and + toluene at 298.15 K, The temperatures of the distillate and rejected brine flowing from the preheaters are 45 C . and final temperature T f = C = K = F, Q = calories = kcal = x 10^ calories. Pyrolysis gasoline can be blended with other hydrocarbons as a gasoline additive, or routed through an extraction process to recover BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene and xylenes). Sci., 1969, 38, 510-511. There are limitations on the content of benzene in gasoline. Chat now for more business. Get the detailed answer: What is the specific heat of benzene? [67], As a gasoline (petrol) additive, benzene increases the octane rating and reduces knocking. [39] This vision, he said, came to him after years of studying the nature of carbon-carbon bonds. Molar heat capacities and isothermal compressibility of binary liquid mixtures: carbon tetrachloride + benzene, carbon tetrachloride + cyclohexane and benzene + cyclohexane, Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of benzene, C 6 H 6, at temperatures ranging from 5 to 325 C (42 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. Similar problems were reported by the FDA in the United States.[104]. Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems: benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxan, Phys. After exposure to 63 to 405mg/m3 of benzene for 1 to 5 hours, 51 to 87% was excreted in the urine as phenol over a period of 23 to 50 hours. As the specific heat of water is the most, it means most heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C and it is because the water molecules are strongly held together by hydrogen bonds. The measurement of benzene in humans can be accomplished via urine, blood, and breath tests; however, all of these have their limitations because benzene is rapidly metabolized in the human body. Important examples include the sandwich and half-sandwich complexes, respectively, Cr(C6H6)2 and [RuCl2(C6H6)]2. [all data], Tschamler, 1948 [all data], Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989 J. Chem. How much heat must be transferred to the mixture per g-mole of feed? J. Chem. The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, Calorimetric determinations of thermal properties of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and benzene, Standard Reference Data Act. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. Benzene - Density and Specific Weight vs. J. Tohoku Imp. Hydrogenation cannot be stopped to give cyclohexene or cyclohexadienes as these are superior substrates. As the carbon atoms in the benzene ring collided with each other, each carbon atom would collide twice with one neighbor during a given interval and then twice with its other neighbor during the next interval. In addition to the standard 4 confined space gases which include combustibles, O2, CO, & H2S, the GX-6000 has 2 additional smart channels that accept . Nitrobenzene is the precursor to aniline. Rastorguev, Yu.L. France, 1929, 45, 36-49. Chem., 1965, 96, 669-678. "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzene_(data_page)&oldid=1139250020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E. The Cl , Br and CN nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring of benzene diazonium salt in the presence of Cu(I) ion. Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ; Smith, N.K., Excess volumes and excess heaat capacitiies of some mixtures with trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at 298.15K, Centric affinities (i.e., bonds) acted within a designated cycle of carbon atoms. biphenyl (aka diphenyl) at higher temperature: If the raw material stream contains much non-aromatic components (paraffins or naphthenes), those are likely decomposed to lower hydrocarbons such as methane, which increases the consumption of hydrogen. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. Specific heats of some liquids and azeotropic mixtures, Grolier, J.-P.E. Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure May cause drowsiness and dizziness. Although benzene is a major industrial chemical, it finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity. ; Shipova, V.A., You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Contact China Manufactory Wuhan Kaimubuke Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd for the product BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE. J. 2o -889 .1791 162 basic lead carbonate 3pb 2c 8o 2h 0 163 benzene 6h 6c 143 .0317 164 benzotrifuroxane (btf) 6c 6o 6n 571 .0686 165 beryllium (non-reactive) 1u2 .0668 166 beryllium (pure crystaline) 1be .0668 167 beryllium borohydride 2b 1be 8h -666 .0218 168 beryllium hydride 1be 2h -399 0 169 . ; T = 322.05, 351.15 K. p = 0.1 MPa. CYP2E1 is involved at multiple steps: converting benzene to oxepin (benzene oxide), phenol to hydroquinone, and hydroquinone to both benzenetriol and catechol. Whereas alkenes can be hydrogenated near room temperatures, benzene and related compounds are more reluctant substrates, requiring temperatures >100C. J. Chem. and robots that compete in the performance of specific operational tasks. Specific heat of sulphuric acid= 1.40 . [38] Kekul's symmetrical ring could explain these curious facts, as well as benzene's 1:1 carbon-hydrogen ratio. The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction. The molecule is located on a crystallographic inversion center and the terminal aminophenoxy rings are almost perpendicular to the central benzene ring with a dihedral angle of 85.40 (4). A small-area case-crossover study", "Advances in understanding benzene health effects and susceptibility", American Petroleum Institute, API Toxicological Review, Benzene, September 1948, "Advances in Understanding Benzene Health Effects and Susceptibility", International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs, "Benzene-induced cancers: abridged history and occupational health impact", "The toxicity of benzene and its metabolism and molecular pathology in human risk assessment", Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 1910.1028, Public Health Statement for Benzene, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ), pp. Chem. Am. For a given species, see the thermodynamic values below. ; T = 293 to 323 K. Data calculated from equation. J. Chem. ; Shipova, V.A., Am. Gatterman Reaction Glutathione seems to play an important role by protecting against benzene-induced DNA breaks and it is being identified as a new biomarker for exposure and effect. This intermediate distance is caused by electron delocalization: the electrons for C=C bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms. Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen IX. Benzene CCOHS. [all data], Fortier and Benson, 1976 Specific Heat of Benzene, Specific Heat of C6H6. Findenegg, G.H. Zhur. Several enzymes are involved. We don't collect information from our users. 1: With the help of a household iron This is one of the most common and easiest ways to unstuck vinyl print (letters or artwork) pressed on your tee. [69], In many European languages, the word for petroleum or gasoline is an exact cognate of "benzene". CAS RN. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene, Data, 1989, 34, 332-335. 11,960) for the fractional distillation of coal tar. Roux, M.V. [64], Four chemical processes contribute to industrial benzene production: catalytic reforming, toluene hydrodealkylation, toluene disproportionation, and steam cracking etc. at 1 atm: botling point = 80. Benzene: 0.085: 2.7: 4.0: 1460: Hexane: . Heat capacity, c p: 118.4 J/(mol K) at 0 C . Expert Answer. Fiock, E.F.; Ginnings, D.C.; Holton, W.B., (VIII. The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, "VIII. Birch reduction, a non catalytic process, however selectively hydrogenates benzene to the diene. Cyclohexane consumes around 10% of the world's benzene production; it is primarily used in the manufacture of nylon fibers, which are processed into textiles and engineering plastics. Etude thermochimique dans la serie furanique, This page provides supplementary chemical data on benzene. Ser. [all data], Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981 14.3 g What is the oxidation number of carbon in C2O4? Data, 1969, 14, 102-106. Bull. [all data], Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926 been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. Inzh-Fiz. In the body, benzene is enzymatically converted to a series of oxidation products including muconic acid, phenylmercapturic acid, phenol, catechol, hydroquinone and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. . [all data], Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977 Kurbatov, V.Ya., Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen, For full table with Imperial Units - rotate the screen! AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. The structure of benzene and the benzene ring is shown in Figure 1.2. 2021 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce [81], Exposure to benzene may lead progressively to aplastic anemia, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. [all data], Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976 Pure benzene, for example, oxidizes in the body to produce an epoxide, benzene oxide, which is not excreted readily and can interact with DNA to produce harmful mutations.
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